Gerbera (Gerbera), also known as Gerbera flower, Asteraceae Gerbera is a perennial herb, is an important material in modern cut flower. Gerbera flowers large, color-rich, management, we work all year round in warm regions to the supply of fresh cut flowers. The main types can be divided into a modern cut-flower cultivation type and dwarf type, white, pink, red, yellow and other colors.
Cultivation techniques will now be summarized as follows:
A growth environment
Gerbera originally from South Africa, to adapt to a mild climate, heat, slightly cold, joy warm in winter, cool in summer, air circulation, sunny environment. Growth optimum temperatures during the day for the 20C - 25C, about 16C at night. Flowering optimum temperatures not lower than 15C, no more than 26C during the day the growth of the environment may be the annual flowering. Dormant period in winter temperature for 12C-15C, less than 7C stop growing. Photoperiod response is not sensitive to the length of the natural sunshine and flowers on the flower number had no effect on the quality. Gerbera asked loose fertile, good drainage, rich in humus, soil deep, slightly acidic sandy loam.
2 Reproduction
At present more than Gerbera propagation using tissue culture, but also can be used reproductive ramets law, each mother plant can be divided into 5 to 6 small strains; seed breeding for dwarf potted plant varieties or breeding; can occur in a single bud or the neck base cut short lateral bud cuttings
3 Colonization
Gerbera cultivation of artificial culture soil can significantly improve the yield and quality, refer to the formula: five copies of humus; perlite 2 copies; peat with three copies of self-cultivation soil in cultivation, but this method the cost of production is relatively high. Daejeon cultivation can be conducted, should choose at least 25 cm above the growth of deep loam soil is suitable for planting gerbera. Shizujifei before planting, generally 5 tons per acre Shi livestock manure, chicken manure 600 kg superphosphate 100 kg, 300 kg ash, and organic fertilizer should give full maturity. All fertilizer and planting beds should be adequate mixing of soil tillage, made a ridge forms a groove, ridge width 40 cm, 30 cm wide trench, plant colonization on the ridge, the double staggered planting. Spacing in the rows 25 cm. Planting sites should pay attention to the roots slightly exposed in the soil, preventing roots rot. Irrigation after planting in the groove.
4 Management after planting
1, the temperature
Application of cultivation facilities, as far as possible to meet the Gerbera seedlings, growing period and flowering period on temperature requirements, in order to facilitate normal growth and flowering. Area in south China and can not be exposed to winter, in need of greenhouse cultivation, the Yangtze River basin are not available outside the heating of the greenhouse cultivation. In the summer, Ceiling networks need to cover the shade, and opened a shed on both sides of plastic film cooling. Ye Wen close to 0C in winter when the outside world, closed tight plastic film drop, shed must be covered by plastic film. Qingnuan case of weather, at noon on the southern tip of film opened greenhouses ventilation is about an hour.
2, light
Gerbera as Yoshimitsu flowers need full sunlight in winter, but the summer should be noted that the appropriate shade and enhance ventilation to reduce the temperature to prevent heat caused by sleep
3, irrigation
Seedling after planting should be kept moist and Dunmiao appropriate to promote root development, rapid seedling. Period of vigorous growth should maintain an adequate water supply should be maintained during the summer once every 3-4 days, pouring, the winter is about two weeks time. Flowering irrigation should be careful not to foliage center above water to prevent flower bud rot. Open field cultivation should pay attention to waterlogging prevention. In addition, when combined irrigation fertilization.
4, top-dressing
Gerbera Hei Fat perennial flowers, demand for fertilizer, fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:18:25. Top-dressing should pay special attention to added potassium fertilizer. General 2.5 kilograms per mu Shi Pin potassium, ammonium nitrate or ammonium phosphate 1.2 kilograms, spring and fall every 5-6 days, once every 10 days, winter and summer time. If the high-temperature or low temperature rise to semi-dormant plants, stop fertilizing.
5, clear Can Ye
Gerbera basal foliage turns yellow lower leaves easy to aging, shall promptly remove, not only help new leaves and new flower buds sprouted, and it helps ventilation, to enhance plant bloom.
6, pest control
Gerbera The main diseases are leaf spot, powdery mildew, virus diseases. Leaf spot can be 70% of the thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times or 50% of Carbendazim WP 500 times of spraying. Powdery mildew can be 1500 times of 70% of the thiophanate-methyl or 75% of the Triadimefon WP 1000-1200 times of conduct prevention and control, every 7-10 days time, a continuous spray two to three. Virus disease prevention and control should be off into the seedlings, and timely prevention and control aphids, reduce the mass media, drugs and found that strain promptly removed and destroyed. Gerbera insect pests mainly Tarsonemus mites, bollworm, tobacco budworm, beet leaf moth, aphids and so on. Latus Banks are available 40% of the dicofol 1000 times to prevent and treat. The other pests can be hydrogen bromide 2.5% permethrin or 40% of omethoate 1000-1500 times of conduct prevention and control, usually 8-9 days once, but spraying have an adverse effect on the color, flowering should not be used.
4, harvesting
When foreign ships began to shed pollen when the flower harvest. Plant growth at harvest require strong, upright flower stalk of grass, flowers to carry out. Cut great impact on the quality of the pros and cons of the vase life of cut flowers, avoid or at night in the plant wilting flowers semi-closed state, clipping squid. Post-harvest grading, preservation, processing packaging market.
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